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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 800 | - 800—849: ROYAL: Charlemagne crowned first Holy Roman Emperor.Rome (800). Charlemagne dies (814), succeeded by his son, Louis the Pious, who divides France among his sons (817). Arabs conquer Crete, Sicily, and Sardinia (826n827).
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| 2 | 802 | - 802—839: ROYAL: Egbert, Ruler of England .Saxon - First King of all England. King of Wessex, won allegiance of all English.
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| 3 | 839 | - 839—858: ROYAL: Ethelwulf, Ruler of England .Ruler of England Saxon - Son of Egbert, King of Wessex, Sussex, Kent, Essex.
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| 4 | 850 | - 850—899: WAR: .Norsemen attack as far south as the Mediterranean but are thwarted (859), discover Iceland (861). Alfred the Great becomes king of Britain (871), defeats Danish invaders (878). Russian nation founded by Vikings under Prince Rurik, establishing capital at Novgorod (855-879).
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| 5 | 858 | - 858—860: ROYAL: Ethelbald, Ruler of England.Saxon - Son of Ethelwulf, displaced father in Wessex.
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| 6 | 860 | - 860—866: ROYAL: Ethelbert, Ruler of England .Saxon - 2nd son of Ethelwulf, united Kent and Wessex.
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| 7 | 866 | - 866—871: ROYAL: Ethelred I, Ruler of England.Saxon - 3rd son of Ethelwulf, King of Wessex, fought Danes.
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| 8 | 871 | - 871—899: ROYAL: .Ruler of England - Alfred the Great. Saxon - 4th son of Ethelwulf, defeated Danes, fortified London.
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| 9 | 899 | - 899—824: ROYAL: Edward the Elder, Ruler of England.Saxon - Alfred's son, united English, claimed Scotland.
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| 10 | 900 | - 900—949: HISTORY: .Beginning of Mayan Post-Classical period (900-1519). Vikings discover Greenland (c. 900). Arab Spain under Abd ar-Rahman III becomes center of learning (912 -961). Otto I becomes King of Germany (936).
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| 11 | 924 | - 924—940: ROYAL: .Ruler of England - Athelstan the Glorious. Saxon - Edward's eldest son, King of Mercia, Wessex.
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| 12 | 940 | - 940—946: ROYAL: .Ruler of England - Edmund I The Magnificent. Saxon - 3rd son of Edward, King of Wessex, Mercia.
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| 13 | 946 | - 946—955: ROYAL: .Ruler of England - Edred. Saxon - 4th son of Edward.
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| 14 | 950 | - 950—999: ROYAL: .Mieczyslaw I becomes first ruler of Poland (960). Eric the Red establishes first Viking colony in Greenland (982). Hugh Capet elected King of France in 987; Capetian dynasty to rule until 1328. Musical notation systematized (c. 990). Vikings and Danes attack Britain (988n999). Otto I crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII (962).
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| 15 | 955 | - 955—959: ROYAL: .Ruler of England - Edwy the Fair. Saxon - Eldest son of Edmund, King of Wessex.
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| 16 | 975 | - 975—975: ROYAL: .Edward the Martyr. Ruler of England - Saxon - Eldest son of Edgar, murdered by stepmother.
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| 17 | 0978 | - 0978—1016: ROYAL: Ethelred II the Unready, Ruler of England.Saxon - 2nd son of Edgar, half-brother of Edward, married Emma of Normandy.
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| 18 | 1016 | - 1016—1017: ROYAL: Edmund II Ironside, Ruler of England.Saxon - Eldest son of Ethelred II, King of London.
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| 19 | 1017 | - 1017—1035: ROYAL: Canute the Dane, Ruler of England.Dane - By conquest and election. Gave Wessex to Edmund, married Emma.
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| 20 | 1023 | - 1023—1023: HISTORY: First paper money printed in China..
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| 21 | 1028 | - 25 Dec 1028—9 Sep 1087: ROYAL: William I the Conqueror, Ruler of England.Norman - Second cousin to Edward the Confessor, by conquest. Defeated Harold at Hastings.
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| 22 | 1036 | - 1036—1040: ROYAL: Harald I, Harefoot, Ruler of England.Dane - Natural son of Canute.
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| 23 | 1040 | - 1040—1042: ROYAL: Hardecanute, Ruler of England.Dane - Son of Canute by Emma, Danish King.
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| 24 | 1042 | - 1042—1066: ROYAL: Edward the Confessor, Ruler of England.Saxon - Son of Ethelred II (Canonized 1161).
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| 25 | 1045 | - 1045—1045: HISTORY: Movable type printing by Bi Sheng in China..
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| 26 | 1050 | - 1050—1050: HISTORY: Crossbow invented in France..
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| 27 | 1066 | - 1066—1066: ROYAL: Harold II, Ruler of England .Saxon - Edward's brother-in-law, last Saxon King.
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| 28 | 1087 | - 26 Sep 1087—2 Aug 1100: ROYAL: William II (Rufus), Ruler of England.Norman - 3rd son of William I, accidentally killed by arrow while hunting.
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| 29 | 1096 | - 1096—1099: WAR: First Crusade.A military expedition by Western Christianity to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem. It was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to an appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, who requested that western volunteers come to his aid and help to repel the invading Seljuq Turks from Anatolia. An additional goal soon became the principal objective--the Christian reconquest of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and the freeing of the Eastern Christians from Islamic rule.[more]
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| 30 | 1100 | - 5 Aug 1100—1 Dec 1135: ROYAL: Henry I Beauclerc, Ruler of England.Norman - Youngest son of William I.
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| 31 | 1135 | - 22 Dec 1135—25 Oct 1154: ROYAL: Stephen, Ruler of England.Norman - Son of Adela, daughter of William I, and Count of Blois.
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| 32 | 1144 | - 1144—1144: WAR: Second Crusade begins..
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| 33 | 1154 | - 19 Dec 1154—6 Jul 1189: ROYAL: Henry II, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of Godfrey Plantagenet (Angevin) by Matilda, daughter of Henry I.
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| 34 | 1157 | - 8 Sep 1157—6 Apr 1199: ROYAL: Richard I the Lionhearted, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Eldest surviving son of Henry II, crusader.
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| 35 | 1182 | - 1182—1182: HISTORY: Magnetic compass invented..
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| 36 | 1189 | - 1189—1189: WAR: Third Crusade.Richard I (the Lionhearted) succeeds Henry II in England, killed in France (1199), succeeded by King John.
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| 37 | 1200 | - 1200—1200: HISTORY: Clothing buttons invented..
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| 38 | 1202 | - 1202—1202: HISTORY: Hindu-Arabic numbering system introduced to the west by Italian mathematician Fibonacci..
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| 39 | 1211 | - 1211—1211: HISTORY: Genghis Khan.Invades China, captures Peking (1214), conquers Persia (1218), invades Russia (1223), dies (1227).
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| 40 | 1215 | - 1215—1215: ROYAL: John Lackland, Ruler of England .John Lackland. Ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Youngest son of Henry II, signed Magna Carta[more]
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| 41 | 1216 | - 28 Oct 1216—16 Nov 1272: ROYAL: Henry III, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227.
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| 42 | 1231 | - 1231—1231: RELIGION: Spanish Inquistion.The Inquisition begins as Pope Gregory IX assigns Dominicans responsibility for combating heresy. Torture used (1252). Ferdinand and Isabella establish Spanish Inquisition (1478). Tourquemada, Grand Inquisitor, forces conversion or expulsion of Spanish Jews (1492). Forced conversion of Moors (1499). Inquisition in Portugal (1531). First Protestants burned at the stake in Spain (1543). Spanish Inquisition abolished (1834).
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| 43 | 1249 | - 1249—1249: HISTORY: Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula.
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| 44 | 1250 | - 1250—1250: HISTORY: Gun invented in China..
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| 45 | 1269 | - 1269—1269: HISTORY: Invention of eyeglasses.
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| 46 | 1271 | - 1271—1271: HISTORY: Marco Polo of Venice.Travels to China, in court of Kublai Khan (1275n1292), returns to Genoa (1295) and writes Travels.
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| 47 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: ROYAL: Edward I Longshanks, Ruler of England .House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of Henry III.
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| 48 | 1280 | - 1280—1280: HISTORY: Mechanical clocks invented..
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| 49 | 1290 | - 1290—1290: HISTORY: Windmills invented..
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| 50 | 1295 | - 1295—1295: HISTORY: Modern glassmaking begins in Italy.
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| 51 | 1307 | - 1307—1327: ROYAL: Edward II, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 1327.
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| 52 | 1326 | - 1326—1326: WAR: First mention of a handgun.
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| 53 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: ROYAL: Edward III of Windsor, Ruler of England .House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Eldest son of Edward II.
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| 54 | 1328 | - 1328—1328: HISTORY: First sawmill.
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| 55 | 1337 | - 1337—1453: WAR: Hundred Years' War .English and French kings fight for control of France.
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| 56 | 1347 | - 1347—1349: EPEDEMIC: Bubonic Plague.Again in Europe. The Black Death reaches Constantinople, Turkey.
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| 57 | 1366 | - 1366—1366: HISTORY: Scales for weighing invented..
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| 58 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: ROYAL: .Richard II. Ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament.
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| 59 | 1387 | - 1387—1387: LITERATURE: Chaucer's Canterbury Tales..Joan of Arc burned.
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| 60 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: ROYAL: Henry IV, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliament as successor to Richard II.
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| 61 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: HISTORY: .First piano called the Spinet invented.
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| 62 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: HISTORY: .Trigger invented.
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| 63 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: ROYAL: Henry V, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt.
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| 64 | 1420 | - 1420—1420: HISTORY: Oil painting invented..
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| 65 | 1421 | - 1421—1421: HISTORY: In Florence, hoisting gear invented..
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| 66 | 1422 | - 1422—2 Feb 1461: ROYAL: Henry VI, Ruler of England. .House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461 by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower.
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| 67 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: POLITICAL: Joan of Arc burned.Some Englishmen see Joan of Arc as truly a witch and as an agent of the devil - a common response to adversity in this age. Joan is captured. The English turn her over to ecclesiastic authorities - the Inquisition -- and at the French town of Rouen, then under English rule, Joan is burned at the stake.
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| 68 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: HISTORY: Printing Press.Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type.
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| 69 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: ROYAL: .Edward IV. Ruler of England. House of York - Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York.
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| 70 | 1462 | - 1462—1505: POLITICAL: Ivan the Great .Rules Russia until 1505 as first czar; ends payment of tribute to Mongols.
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| 71 | 1465 | - 1465—1465: HISTORY: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented..
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| 72 | 1475 | - 1475—1475: HISTORY: .Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany.
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| 73 | 1483 | - 9 Apr 1483—25 Jun 1483: ROYAL: .Edward V. Ruler of England. House of York - Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
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| 74 | 1485 | - 1485—1485: HISTORY: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute.
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| 75 | 1486 | - 1486—1486: HISTORY: First known copyright granted.In Venice, the first known copyright granted.
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| 76 | 1487 | - 1487—1487: HISTORY: .Bell chimes invented.
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| 77 | 1492 | - 1492—1492: HISTORY: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines.
- 1492—1492: HISTORY: Columbus becomes first European to encounter Caribbean islands.Returns to Spain (1493). [more]
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| 78 | 1493 | - 1493—1496: HISTORY: Columbus Second Voyage.Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (1493-1496).
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| 79 | 1494 | - 1494—1494: HISTORY: .Whiskey invented in Scotland.
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| 80 | 1498 | - 1498—1498: HISTORY: Columbus Third Voyage.Third voyage to Orinoco (1498).
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| 81 | 1500 | - 1500—1500: : First flush toilets appeared..
- 1500—1500: NATIVE AMERICAN: Comanches become their own nation.Comanches seperate from Eastern Shoshone near Wind River to form their own nation.
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| 82 | 1501 | - 1501—1501: HISTORY: First black slaves in America .Brought to Spanish colony of Santo Domingo.
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| 83 | 1502 | - 1502—1504: HISTORY: Columbus Fourth Voyage.Fourth voyage to Honduras and Panama (1502-1504).
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| 84 | 1504 | - 1504—1504: : Moors conquered in Spain .Moors conquered in Spain by troops of Ferdinand and Isabella.
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940 - 962 (22 years)