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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1100 | - 5 Aug 1100—1 Dec 1135: ROYAL: Henry I Beauclerc, Ruler of England.Norman - Youngest son of William I.
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| 2 | 1135 | - 22 Dec 1135—25 Oct 1154: ROYAL: Stephen, Ruler of England.Norman - Son of Adela, daughter of William I, and Count of Blois.
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| 3 | 1144 | - 1144—1144: WAR: Second Crusade begins..
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| 4 | 1154 | - 19 Dec 1154—6 Jul 1189: ROYAL: Henry II, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of Godfrey Plantagenet (Angevin) by Matilda, daughter of Henry I.
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| 5 | 1157 | - 8 Sep 1157—6 Apr 1199: ROYAL: Richard I the Lionhearted, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Eldest surviving son of Henry II, crusader.
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| 6 | 1182 | - 1182—1182: HISTORY: Magnetic compass invented..
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| 7 | 1189 | - 1189—1189: WAR: Third Crusade.Richard I (the Lionhearted) succeeds Henry II in England, killed in France (1199), succeeded by King John.
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| 8 | 1200 | - 1200—1200: HISTORY: Clothing buttons invented..
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| 9 | 1202 | - 1202—1202: HISTORY: Hindu-Arabic numbering system introduced to the west by Italian mathematician Fibonacci..
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| 10 | 1211 | - 1211—1211: HISTORY: Genghis Khan.Invades China, captures Peking (1214), conquers Persia (1218), invades Russia (1223), dies (1227).
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| 11 | 1215 | - 1215—1215: ROYAL: John Lackland, Ruler of England .John Lackland. Ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Youngest son of Henry II, signed Magna Carta[more]
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| 12 | 1216 | - 28 Oct 1216—16 Nov 1272: ROYAL: Henry III, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227.
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| 13 | 1231 | - 1231—1231: RELIGION: Spanish Inquistion.The Inquisition begins as Pope Gregory IX assigns Dominicans responsibility for combating heresy. Torture used (1252). Ferdinand and Isabella establish Spanish Inquisition (1478). Tourquemada, Grand Inquisitor, forces conversion or expulsion of Spanish Jews (1492). Forced conversion of Moors (1499). Inquisition in Portugal (1531). First Protestants burned at the stake in Spain (1543). Spanish Inquisition abolished (1834).
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| 14 | 1249 | - 1249—1249: HISTORY: Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula.
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| 15 | 1250 | - 1250—1250: HISTORY: Gun invented in China..
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| 16 | 1269 | - 1269—1269: HISTORY: Invention of eyeglasses.
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| 17 | 1271 | - 1271—1271: HISTORY: Marco Polo of Venice.Travels to China, in court of Kublai Khan (1275n1292), returns to Genoa (1295) and writes Travels.
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| 18 | 1272 | - 1272—1307: ROYAL: Edward I Longshanks, Ruler of England .House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of Henry III.
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| 19 | 1280 | - 1280—1280: HISTORY: Mechanical clocks invented..
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| 20 | 1290 | - 1290—1290: HISTORY: Windmills invented..
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| 21 | 1295 | - 1295—1295: HISTORY: Modern glassmaking begins in Italy.
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| 22 | 1307 | - 1307—1327: ROYAL: Edward II, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 1327.
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| 23 | 1326 | - 1326—1326: WAR: First mention of a handgun.
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| 24 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: ROYAL: Edward III of Windsor, Ruler of England .House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Eldest son of Edward II.
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| 25 | 1328 | - 1328—1328: HISTORY: First sawmill.
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| 26 | 1337 | - 1337—1453: WAR: Hundred Years' War .English and French kings fight for control of France.
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| 27 | 1347 | - 1347—1349: EPEDEMIC: Bubonic Plague.Again in Europe. The Black Death reaches Constantinople, Turkey.
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| 28 | 1366 | - 1366—1366: HISTORY: Scales for weighing invented..
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| 29 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: ROYAL: .Richard II. Ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament.
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| 30 | 1387 | - 1387—1387: LITERATURE: Chaucer's Canterbury Tales..Joan of Arc burned.
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| 31 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: ROYAL: Henry IV, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliament as successor to Richard II.
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| 32 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: HISTORY: .First piano called the Spinet invented.
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| 33 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: HISTORY: .Trigger invented.
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| 34 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: ROYAL: Henry V, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt.
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| 35 | 1420 | - 1420—1420: HISTORY: Oil painting invented..
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| 36 | 1421 | - 1421—1421: HISTORY: In Florence, hoisting gear invented..
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| 37 | 1422 | - 1422—2 Feb 1461: ROYAL: Henry VI, Ruler of England. .House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461 by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower.
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| 38 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: POLITICAL: Joan of Arc burned.Some Englishmen see Joan of Arc as truly a witch and as an agent of the devil - a common response to adversity in this age. Joan is captured. The English turn her over to ecclesiastic authorities - the Inquisition -- and at the French town of Rouen, then under English rule, Joan is burned at the stake.
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| 39 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: HISTORY: Printing Press.Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type.
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| 40 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: ROYAL: .Edward IV. Ruler of England. House of York - Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York.
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| 41 | 1462 | - 1462—1505: POLITICAL: Ivan the Great .Rules Russia until 1505 as first czar; ends payment of tribute to Mongols.
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| 42 | 1465 | - 1465—1465: HISTORY: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented..
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| 43 | 1475 | - 1475—1475: HISTORY: .Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany.
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| 44 | 1483 | - 9 Apr 1483—25 Jun 1483: ROYAL: .Edward V. Ruler of England. House of York - Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
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| 45 | 1485 | - 1485—1485: HISTORY: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute.
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| 46 | 1486 | - 1486—1486: HISTORY: First known copyright granted.In Venice, the first known copyright granted.
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| 47 | 1487 | - 1487—1487: HISTORY: .Bell chimes invented.
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| 48 | 1492 | - 1492—1492: HISTORY: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines.
- 1492—1492: HISTORY: Columbus becomes first European to encounter Caribbean islands.Returns to Spain (1493). [more]
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| 49 | 1493 | - 1493—1496: HISTORY: Columbus Second Voyage.Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (1493-1496).
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| 50 | 1494 | - 1494—1494: HISTORY: .Whiskey invented in Scotland.
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| 51 | 1498 | - 1498—1498: HISTORY: Columbus Third Voyage.Third voyage to Orinoco (1498).
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| 52 | 1500 | - 1500—1500: : First flush toilets appeared..
- 1500—1500: NATIVE AMERICAN: Comanches become their own nation.Comanches seperate from Eastern Shoshone near Wind River to form their own nation.
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| 53 | 1501 | - 1501—1501: HISTORY: First black slaves in America .Brought to Spanish colony of Santo Domingo.
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| 54 | 1502 | - 1502—1504: HISTORY: Columbus Fourth Voyage.Fourth voyage to Honduras and Panama (1502-1504).
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| 55 | 1504 | - 1504—1504: : Moors conquered in Spain .Moors conquered in Spain by troops of Ferdinand and Isabella.
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| 56 | 1508 | - 1508—1508: ROYAL: .Henry VII Gaunt. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through his mother, Mary Beaufort, via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York.
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| 57 | 1509 | - 1509—1509: : Henry VIII ascends English throne..
- 1509—1509: LITERATURE: Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
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| 58 | 1510 | - 1510—1510: HISTORY: Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel..
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| 59 | 1513 | - 1513—1513: HISTORY: .Urs Graf invents etching.
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| 60 | 1520 | - 1520—1520: HISTORY: Henry VIII of England and King Francis of France Summit.Henry VIII of England and King Francis of France, each with army behind him, meet, dismount and embrace in one of the world's earlier summit meetings. (June 7.) There will be celebrations and sermons on the virtues of peace.
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| 61 | 1522 | - 1522—1522: RELIGION: Luther excommunicated by Pope Leo X.Suleiman I (ithe Magnificenti) becomes Sultan of Turkey, invades Hungary (1521), Rhodes (1522), attacks Austria (1529), annexes Hungary (1541), Tripoli (1551), makes peace with Persia (1553), destroys Spanish fleet (1560), dies (1566). Magellan reaches the Pacific, is killed by Philippine natives (1521). One of his ships under Juan Sebasti.n del Cano continues around the world, reaches Spain (1522).
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| 62 | 1535 | - 1535—1535: ROYAL: Reformation begins as Henry VIII makes himself head of English Church.Excommunicated by Pope. Sir Thomas More executed as traitor for refusal to acknowledge king's religious authority. Jacques Cartier sails up the St. Lawrence River, basis of French claims to Canada.
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| 63 | 1540 | - 1540—1540: HISTORY: Coronado Expedition into the Southern Plains..
- 1540—1540: NATIVE AMERICAN: Comanches known to be using dogs for transport.
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| 64 | 1547 | - 1547—1547: ROYAL: Ivan IV (ithe Terrible) crowned as czar of Russia.Begins conquest of Astrakhan and Kazan (1552), battles nobles (boyars) for power (1564), kills his son (1580), dies, and is succeeded by his weak and feeble-minded son, Fyodor I.
- 1547—1547: ROYAL: .Henry VIII. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV.
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| 65 | 1551 | - 1551—1551: HISTORY: In France, the works of Martin Luther, John Calvin and others considered heretics are prohibited. .In the cites of Paris, Toulouse, Grenoble, Rouen, Bordeaux, and Agners, various heretics and those selling forbidden books have been burned at the stake. And another massacre of Protestant occurs. More than 3,000 Protestants are to be reported as having been killed, 763 houses, 89 stables and 31 warehouses destroyed
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| 66 | 1553 | - 1553—1553: ROYAL: .Edward VI. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents.
- 10 Jul 1553—1553: ROYAL: Edward VI was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor.Council of State proclaimed her queen. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553. Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason, Feb 1554.
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| 67 | 1554 | - Feb 1554—1554: ROYAL: Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason..
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| 68 | 1558 | - 1558—1603: ROYAL: Queen Elizabeth I ascends the throne.Restores Protestantism, establishes state Church of England (Anglicanism). Renaissance will reach height in Englando Shakespeare, Marlowe, Spenser.
- 1558—1558: ROYAL: .Mary I. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon.
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| 69 | 1560 | - 1560—1560: EPEDEMIC: Europe is still suffering from periodic epidemics and famines.One-half of all infants born alive are dying before twelve months (as in the poorest countries today). The wealthy might live to between 48 and 56, and the poor, who do not eat as well, might live to 40.
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| 70 | 1568 | - 1568—1568: HISTORY: .Bottled beer invented in London.
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| 71 | 1569 | - 1569—1569: HISTORY: .Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection.
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| 72 | 1570 | - 1570—1570: WAR: Japan permits visits of foreign ships.Japan permits visits of foreign ships.
- 1570—1570: RELIGION: Queen Elizabeth I excommunicated by Pope. .
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| 73 | 1571 | - 1571—1571: WAR: Turks attack Cyprus and war on Venice. .Turkish fleet defeated at Battle of Lepanto by Spanish and Italian fleets (1571).
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| 74 | 1572 | - 1572—1572: WAR: Peace of Constantinople (1572) ends Turkish attacks on Europe..
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1539 - 1584 (45 years)