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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1327 | - 1327—1377: ROYAL: Edward III of Windsor, Ruler of England .House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Eldest son of Edward II.
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| 2 | 1337 | - 1337—1453: WAR: Hundred Years' War .English and French kings fight for control of France.
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| 3 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: ROYAL: .Richard II. Ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line - Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament.
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| 4 | 1387 | - 1387—1387: LITERATURE: Chaucer's Canterbury Tales..Joan of Arc burned.
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| 5 | 1399 | - 1399—1413: ROYAL: Henry IV, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliament as successor to Richard II.
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| 6 | 1400 | - 1400—1400: HISTORY: .First piano called the Spinet invented.
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| 7 | 1411 | - 1411—1411: HISTORY: .Trigger invented.
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| 8 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: ROYAL: Henry V, Ruler of England.House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt.
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| 9 | 1420 | - 1420—1420: HISTORY: Oil painting invented..
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| 10 | 1421 | - 1421—1421: HISTORY: In Florence, hoisting gear invented..
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| 11 | 1422 | - 1422—2 Feb 1461: ROYAL: Henry VI, Ruler of England. .House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line - 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461 by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower.
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| 12 | 1431 | - 1431—1431: POLITICAL: Joan of Arc burned.Some Englishmen see Joan of Arc as truly a witch and as an agent of the devil - a common response to adversity in this age. Joan is captured. The English turn her over to ecclesiastic authorities - the Inquisition -- and at the French town of Rouen, then under English rule, Joan is burned at the stake.
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| 13 | 1455 | - 1455—1455: HISTORY: Printing Press.Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type.
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| 14 | 1461 | - 1461—1483: ROYAL: .Edward IV. Ruler of England. House of York - Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York.
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| 15 | 1462 | - 1462—1505: POLITICAL: Ivan the Great .Rules Russia until 1505 as first czar; ends payment of tribute to Mongols.
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| 16 | 1465 | - 1465—1465: HISTORY: In Germany, drypoint engravings invented..
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| 17 | 1475 | - 1475—1475: HISTORY: .Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany.
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| 18 | 1483 | - 9 Apr 1483—25 Jun 1483: ROYAL: .Edward V. Ruler of England. House of York - Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
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| 19 | 1485 | - 1485—1485: HISTORY: Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute.
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| 20 | 1486 | - 1486—1486: HISTORY: First known copyright granted.In Venice, the first known copyright granted.
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| 21 | 1487 | - 1487—1487: HISTORY: .Bell chimes invented.
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| 22 | 1492 | - 1492—1492: HISTORY: Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines.
- 1492—1492: HISTORY: Columbus becomes first European to encounter Caribbean islands.Returns to Spain (1493). [more]
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| 23 | 1493 | - 1493—1496: HISTORY: Columbus Second Voyage.Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (1493-1496).
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| 24 | 1494 | - 1494—1494: HISTORY: .Whiskey invented in Scotland.
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| 25 | 1498 | - 1498—1498: HISTORY: Columbus Third Voyage.Third voyage to Orinoco (1498).
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| 26 | 1500 | - 1500—1500: : First flush toilets appeared..
- 1500—1500: NATIVE AMERICAN: Comanches become their own nation.Comanches seperate from Eastern Shoshone near Wind River to form their own nation.
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| 27 | 1501 | - 1501—1501: HISTORY: First black slaves in America .Brought to Spanish colony of Santo Domingo.
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| 28 | 1502 | - 1502—1504: HISTORY: Columbus Fourth Voyage.Fourth voyage to Honduras and Panama (1502-1504).
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| 29 | 1504 | - 1504—1504: : Moors conquered in Spain .Moors conquered in Spain by troops of Ferdinand and Isabella.
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| 30 | 1508 | - 1508—1508: ROYAL: .Henry VII Gaunt. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through his mother, Mary Beaufort, via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York.
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| 31 | 1509 | - 1509—1509: : Henry VIII ascends English throne..
- 1509—1509: LITERATURE: Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
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| 32 | 1510 | - 1510—1510: HISTORY: Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel..
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| 33 | 1513 | - 1513—1513: HISTORY: .Urs Graf invents etching.
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| 34 | 1520 | - 1520—1520: HISTORY: Henry VIII of England and King Francis of France Summit.Henry VIII of England and King Francis of France, each with army behind him, meet, dismount and embrace in one of the world's earlier summit meetings. (June 7.) There will be celebrations and sermons on the virtues of peace.
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| 35 | 1522 | - 1522—1522: RELIGION: Luther excommunicated by Pope Leo X.Suleiman I (ithe Magnificenti) becomes Sultan of Turkey, invades Hungary (1521), Rhodes (1522), attacks Austria (1529), annexes Hungary (1541), Tripoli (1551), makes peace with Persia (1553), destroys Spanish fleet (1560), dies (1566). Magellan reaches the Pacific, is killed by Philippine natives (1521). One of his ships under Juan Sebasti.n del Cano continues around the world, reaches Spain (1522).
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| 36 | 1535 | - 1535—1535: ROYAL: Reformation begins as Henry VIII makes himself head of English Church.Excommunicated by Pope. Sir Thomas More executed as traitor for refusal to acknowledge king's religious authority. Jacques Cartier sails up the St. Lawrence River, basis of French claims to Canada.
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| 37 | 1540 | - 1540—1540: HISTORY: Coronado Expedition into the Southern Plains..
- 1540—1540: NATIVE AMERICAN: Comanches known to be using dogs for transport.
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| 38 | 1547 | - 1547—1547: ROYAL: Ivan IV (ithe Terrible) crowned as czar of Russia.Begins conquest of Astrakhan and Kazan (1552), battles nobles (boyars) for power (1564), kills his son (1580), dies, and is succeeded by his weak and feeble-minded son, Fyodor I.
- 1547—1547: ROYAL: .Henry VIII. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV.
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| 39 | 1551 | - 1551—1551: HISTORY: In France, the works of Martin Luther, John Calvin and others considered heretics are prohibited. .In the cites of Paris, Toulouse, Grenoble, Rouen, Bordeaux, and Agners, various heretics and those selling forbidden books have been burned at the stake. And another massacre of Protestant occurs. More than 3,000 Protestants are to be reported as having been killed, 763 houses, 89 stables and 31 warehouses destroyed
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| 40 | 1553 | - 1553—1553: ROYAL: .Edward VI. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents.
- 10 Jul 1553—1553: ROYAL: Edward VI was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor.Council of State proclaimed her queen. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553. Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason, Feb 1554.
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| 41 | 1554 | - Feb 1554—1554: ROYAL: Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason..
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| 42 | 1558 | - 1558—1603: ROYAL: Queen Elizabeth I ascends the throne.Restores Protestantism, establishes state Church of England (Anglicanism). Renaissance will reach height in Englando Shakespeare, Marlowe, Spenser.
- 1558—1558: ROYAL: .Mary I. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon.
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| 43 | 1560 | - 1560—1560: EPEDEMIC: Europe is still suffering from periodic epidemics and famines.One-half of all infants born alive are dying before twelve months (as in the poorest countries today). The wealthy might live to between 48 and 56, and the poor, who do not eat as well, might live to 40.
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| 44 | 1568 | - 1568—1568: HISTORY: .Bottled beer invented in London.
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| 45 | 1569 | - 1569—1569: HISTORY: .Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection.
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| 46 | 1570 | - 1570—1570: WAR: Japan permits visits of foreign ships.Japan permits visits of foreign ships.
- 1570—1570: RELIGION: Queen Elizabeth I excommunicated by Pope. .
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| 47 | 1571 | - 1571—1571: WAR: Turks attack Cyprus and war on Venice. .Turkish fleet defeated at Battle of Lepanto by Spanish and Italian fleets (1571).
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| 48 | 1572 | - 1572—1572: WAR: Peace of Constantinople (1572) ends Turkish attacks on Europe..
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| 49 | 1587 | - 1587—1587: ROYAL: Philip II of Spain plots to have the Catholic Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, replace Elizabeth I on the throne of England. .Mary has been a rallying point for all in England opposed to Elizabeth. Elizabeth solves her problem with Mary by having her beheaded
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| 50 | 1589 | - 1589—1589: HISTORY: .Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine.
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| 51 | 1590 | - 1590—1590: HISTORY: .Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope.
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| 52 | 1593 | - 1593—1593: HISTORY: .Galileo invents a water thermometer.
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| 53 | 1598 | - 1598—1598: NATIVE AMERICAN: Spain builds colony in New Mexico and starts enslaving Indians..
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| 54 | 1601 | - 1601—1601: NATIVE AMERICAN: Don Juan de Onate encounters Plains Apache at Canadian River while looking for the seven sities of gold (Cibola)..Don Juan de Onate encounters Plains Apache at Canadian River while looking for the seven sities of gold (Cibola).
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| 55 | 1602 | - 1602—1602: LITERATURE: William Shakespeare writes .Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, which we ascribe to heaven.(From All's Well that Ends Well, first performed in 1602.)
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| 56 | 1603 | - 1603—1603: ROYAL: .Elizabeth I. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn.
- 1603—1625: ROYAL: .James I. Ruler of England. House of Stuart - Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707.
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| 57 | 1608 | - 1608—1608: HISTORY: .Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope.
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| 58 | 1611 | - 1611—1611: HISTORY: Galileo exhibits the wonders of the telescope to the pontifical court. .He tries to produce scriptural confirmation of the view that the earth revolves around the sun, but he is rebuffed.
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| 59 | 1617 | - 1617—1617: HISTORY: Cigars & Cigarettes are born..Ships carrying 50,000 pounds of cured tobacco annually from Virginia to England. Smoking has become a fad in England, with King James describing it as loathsome
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| 60 | 1620 | - 1620—1620: HISTORY: .Earliest human-powered submarine invented.
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| 61 | 1624 | - 1624—1624: HISTORY: .William Oughtred invents a slide ruler.
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| 62 | 1625 | - 1625—1625: HISTORY: .Frenchmen, Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion.
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| 63 | 1629 | - 1629—1629: HISTORY: .Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine.
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| 64 | 1634 | - 1634—1638: WAR: Pequot War .An armed conflict between the Pequot tribe against an alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies
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| 65 | 1636 | - 1636—1636: HISTORY: .W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer.
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| 66 | 1642 | - 1642—1642: HISTORY: .Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine.
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| 67 | 1643 | - 1643—1643: HISTORY: .Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer.
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| 68 | 1649 | - 1649—30 Jan 1649: ROYAL: .Charles I. Ruler of England. House of Stuart - Only surviving son of James I beheaded Jan 30, 1649.
- 1649—1658: ROYAL: .Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England. Commonwealth & Protectorate.
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| 69 | 1650 | - 1650—1650: HISTORY: .Otto von Guericke invents a air pump.
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| 70 | 1656 | - 1656—1656: HISTORY: .Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock.
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| 71 | 1657 | - 1657—1657: EPEDEMIC: Measles - Boston.
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| 72 | 1658 | - 1658—25 May 1659: ROYAL: .Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England. Commonwealth & Proctorate - 3rd son of Oliver.
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| 73 | 1660 | - 1660—1660: HISTORY: Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region..
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| 74 | 1661 | - 1661—1661: ROYAL: Charles II is crowned King of England.
- 1661—1661: ROYAL: Louis XIV begins personal rule as absolute monarch; starts to build Versailles.
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| 75 | 1663 | - 1663—1663: HISTORY: .James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope.
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| 76 | 1667 | - 1667—1667: LITERATURE: Milton's Paradise Lost, widely considered the greatest epic poem in English..
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| 77 | 1668 | - 1668—1668: HISTORY: .Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope.
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| 78 | 1670 | - 1670—1670: HISTORY: .Dom Perignon invents Champagne.
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| 79 | 1671 | - 1671—1671: HISTORY: .Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine.
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| 80 | 1675 | - 1675—1675: HISTORY: Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch..
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| 81 | 1676 | - 1676—1676: HISTORY: .Robert Hooke invents the universal joint.
- 1676—1676: WAR: King Philip's War.New England colonies vs Wampanoag, Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians.
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| 82 | 1679 | - 1679—1679: HISTORY: .Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker.
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| 83 | 1680 | - 1680—1680: NATIVE AMERICAN: Puebloe Rebellion.Comanche obtain horses which changes their culture.
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| 84 | 1685 | - 1685—1685: ROYAL: .Charles II. Ruler of England. House of Stuart (restored) - Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue.
- 1685—1689: ROYAL: .James II. Ruler of England. House of Stuart (restored) - 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689.
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| 85 | 1687 | - 1687—1687: NATIVE AMERICAN: Sieur de La Salle Encounters Comanches near Trinity River..Comanches and Utes trade at Taos New Mexico.
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| 86 | 1689 | - 1689—1689: HISTORY: .Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia attempts to westernize nation and build Russia as a military power. Defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava (1709). Beginning of the French and Indian Wars (to 1763), campaigns in America linked to a series of wars between France and England for domination of Europe.
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| 87 | 1690 | - 1690—1690: EPEDEMIC: Yellow Fever.New York
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| 88 | 1692 | - 1692—1692: NATIVE AMERICAN: Picuris relocate with Plains Apache in West Kansas..
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| 89 | 1697 | - 1697—1697: WAR: King William's War.English Colonies vs France.
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| 90 | 1698 | - 1698—1698: HISTORY: .Englishman, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump.
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| 91 | 1700 | - 1700—1700: NATIVE AMERICAN: Comanche and Ute trade at Taos New Mexico..
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| 92 | 1701 | - 1701—1701: HISTORY: .Jethro Tull invents the seed drill.
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| 93 | 1702 | - 1702—1702: ROYAL: .William III and Mary II. Rulers of England. House of Stuart (restored) - Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.
- 1702—1713: WAR: Queen Anne's War.English Colonies vs France.
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| 94 | 1706 | - 1706—1706: HISTORY: Picuris return to the Rio Grande Valley Area..
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| 95 | 1709 | - 1709—1709: HISTORY: .Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano.
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| 96 | 1711 | - 1711—1711: HISTORY: .Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork.
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| 97 | 1712 | - 1712—1712: HISTORY: Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine..
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| 98 | 1713 | - 1713—1713: EPEDEMIC: Measles - Boston.
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| 99 | 1714 | - 1714—1714: ROYAL: .Anne. Ruler of England. House of Stuart (restored) - 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs.
- 1714—1727: ROYAL: .George I. Ruler of England. House of Hanover - Son of Elector of Hanover, by Sohia, grand-daughter of James I. Proclaimed King under Act of Settlement.
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| 100 | 1716 | - 1716—1716: NATIVE AMERICAN: Jicarilla Apache forced into mountians of New Mexico by repeated Comanche and Ute raids.
- 1716—1716: NATIVE AMERICAN: During summer Comanche and Ute trade at villages in New Mexico.
- 1716—1716: NATIVE AMERICAN: Spanish attack a Comanche Ute Village.North of Santa Fe, prisoners were taken and sold as slaves.
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| 101 | 1717 | - 1717—1717: HISTORY: .Edmond Halley invents the diving bell.
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| 102 | 1719 | - 1719—1719: NATIVE AMERICAN: First recorded Comanche Raids.New Mexico for raids for horses.
- 1719—1719: NATIVE AMERICAN: Spanish send soldiers as far north as Pueblo Colorado only to find abandoned campsites..
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| 103 | 1720 | - 1720—1720: NATIVE AMERICAN: Apache Bands retreat from Comanche.APACHE BANDS RETREAT INTO MEXICO FROM REPEATED COMANCHE ATTACKS.War between Comanches Utes and Plains Apache
- 1720—1720: NATIVE AMERICAN: Spanish send military exepedition to investigate rumors of french trade and are destroyed by the Pawnee..
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| 104 | 1722 | - 1722—1722: HISTORY: French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher..
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| 105 | 1723 | - 1723—1723: NATIVE AMERICAN: War between Comanches Utes and Plains Apache.Two military expeditions sent to help the Apache fail to locate Comanche and Ute Tribes.
- 1723—1726: WAR: Drummer's War.
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| 106 | 1724 | - 1724—1724: HISTORY: .Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer.
- 1724—1724: WAR: Great Mountain of Iron War.Comanches fight a 9 day war at Great Mountain of Iron, it results in major defeat for the Apache.
- 1724—1724: NATIVE AMERICAN: French Trader Bourgmont trades with Padoucah in Kansas..
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| 107 | 1725 | - 1725—1725: NATIVE AMERICAN: Last Apache settlement on the upper Arkansas river disappeared..
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