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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1547 | - 1547—1547: ROYAL: Ivan IV (ithe Terrible) crowned as czar of Russia.Begins conquest of Astrakhan and Kazan (1552), battles nobles (boyars) for power (1564), kills his son (1580), dies, and is succeeded by his weak and feeble-minded son, Fyodor I.
- 1547—1547: ROYAL: .Henry VIII. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV.
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| 2 | 1551 | - 1551—1551: HISTORY: In France, the works of Martin Luther, John Calvin and others considered heretics are prohibited. .In the cites of Paris, Toulouse, Grenoble, Rouen, Bordeaux, and Agners, various heretics and those selling forbidden books have been burned at the stake. And another massacre of Protestant occurs. More than 3,000 Protestants are to be reported as having been killed, 763 houses, 89 stables and 31 warehouses destroyed
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| 3 | 1553 | - 1553—1553: ROYAL: .Edward VI. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents.
- 10 Jul 1553—1553: ROYAL: Edward VI was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor.Council of State proclaimed her queen. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553. Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason, Feb 1554.
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| 4 | 1554 | - Feb 1554—1554: ROYAL: Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason..
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| 5 | 1558 | - 1558—1603: ROYAL: Queen Elizabeth I ascends the throne.Restores Protestantism, establishes state Church of England (Anglicanism). Renaissance will reach height in Englando Shakespeare, Marlowe, Spenser.
- 1558—1558: ROYAL: .Mary I. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon.
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| 6 | 1560 | - 1560—1560: EPEDEMIC: Europe is still suffering from periodic epidemics and famines.One-half of all infants born alive are dying before twelve months (as in the poorest countries today). The wealthy might live to between 48 and 56, and the poor, who do not eat as well, might live to 40.
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| 7 | 1568 | - 1568—1568: HISTORY: .Bottled beer invented in London.
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| 8 | 1569 | - 1569—1569: HISTORY: .Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection.
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| 9 | 1570 | - 1570—1570: WAR: Japan permits visits of foreign ships.Japan permits visits of foreign ships.
- 1570—1570: RELIGION: Queen Elizabeth I excommunicated by Pope. .
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| 10 | 1571 | - 1571—1571: WAR: Turks attack Cyprus and war on Venice. .Turkish fleet defeated at Battle of Lepanto by Spanish and Italian fleets (1571).
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| 11 | 1572 | - 1572—1572: WAR: Peace of Constantinople (1572) ends Turkish attacks on Europe..
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| 12 | 1587 | - 1587—1587: ROYAL: Philip II of Spain plots to have the Catholic Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, replace Elizabeth I on the throne of England. .Mary has been a rallying point for all in England opposed to Elizabeth. Elizabeth solves her problem with Mary by having her beheaded
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| 13 | 1589 | - 1589—1589: HISTORY: .Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine.
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| 14 | 1590 | - 1590—1590: HISTORY: .Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope.
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| 15 | 1593 | - 1593—1593: HISTORY: .Galileo invents a water thermometer.
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| 16 | 1598 | - 1598—1598: NATIVE AMERICAN: Spain builds colony in New Mexico and starts enslaving Indians..
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| 17 | 1601 | - 1601—1601: NATIVE AMERICAN: Don Juan de Onate encounters Plains Apache at Canadian River while looking for the seven sities of gold (Cibola)..Don Juan de Onate encounters Plains Apache at Canadian River while looking for the seven sities of gold (Cibola).
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| 18 | 1602 | - 1602—1602: LITERATURE: William Shakespeare writes .Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, which we ascribe to heaven.(From All's Well that Ends Well, first performed in 1602.)
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| 19 | 1603 | - 1603—1603: ROYAL: .Elizabeth I. Ruler of England. House of Tudor - Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn.
- 1603—1625: ROYAL: .James I. Ruler of England. House of Stuart - Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707.
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| 20 | 1608 | - 1608—1608: HISTORY: .Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope.
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| 21 | 1611 | - 1611—1611: HISTORY: Galileo exhibits the wonders of the telescope to the pontifical court. .He tries to produce scriptural confirmation of the view that the earth revolves around the sun, but he is rebuffed.
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| 22 | 1617 | - 1617—1617: HISTORY: Cigars & Cigarettes are born..Ships carrying 50,000 pounds of cured tobacco annually from Virginia to England. Smoking has become a fad in England, with King James describing it as loathsome
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| 23 | 1620 | - 1620—1620: HISTORY: .Earliest human-powered submarine invented.
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| 24 | 1624 | - 1624—1624: HISTORY: .William Oughtred invents a slide ruler.
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| 25 | 1625 | - 1625—1625: HISTORY: .Frenchmen, Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion.
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| 26 | 1629 | - 1629—1629: HISTORY: .Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine.
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| 27 | 1634 | - 1634—1638: WAR: Pequot War .An armed conflict between the Pequot tribe against an alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies
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| 28 | 1636 | - 1636—1636: HISTORY: .W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer.
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| 29 | 1642 | - 1642—1642: HISTORY: .Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine.
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| 30 | 1643 | - 1643—1643: HISTORY: .Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer.
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| 31 | 1649 | - 1649—30 Jan 1649: ROYAL: .Charles I. Ruler of England. House of Stuart - Only surviving son of James I beheaded Jan 30, 1649.
- 1649—1658: ROYAL: .Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England. Commonwealth & Protectorate.
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| 32 | 1650 | - 1650—1650: HISTORY: .Otto von Guericke invents a air pump.
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